Citation policy.

Accepted source types

• Peer-reviewed primary research and meta-analyses indexed in PubMed or PubMed Central.
• Registered records in ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
• Regulatory guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and equivalent national authorities.
• Compendial monographs from the United States Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopoeia, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
• Standards from ICH, ISO, and recognized analytical-method bodies.

Sources we do not cite as evidence

• Commercial vendor blogs, marketing pages, and product descriptions.
• Forums, social media, and influencer commentary.
• Predatory or unindexed journals.
• Anecdotal case reports outside a peer-reviewed venue.

Linking and attribution

References are listed at the end of each article with a label and a stable URL. Where a digital object identifier (DOI) or PubMed identifier (PMID) is available, the link resolves to that record. We do not paywall-launder content: a reader who follows a reference is taken to the canonical source, not to a rehosted copy.

Quoting and paraphrase

Direct quotation is limited to short, attributable passages. Paraphrase is preferred and is followed by a citation. Numerical results, where reported, are taken from the source as published and are attributed to that source.